How Does The Florida Court System Work?
June 19, 2025
If you're facing legal proceedings in Florida—whether for a criminal charge, a civil dispute, or an appeal—it's essential to understand the structure of the state's court system. Knowing how the Florida court system works can empower you to make better legal decisions and work more effectively with your attorney.
Caption: When Facing Legal Proceedings in Florida, You Need To Understand the Structure of the State's Court System]
At Donet, McMillan & Trontz, P.A., we've represented clients across every level of Florida's judicial system, from county courts to appellate courts. Here's what you need to know about how this system is organized and how cases move through it.
Overview of the Florida Court System
Florida's court system is structured into four main levels, each with specific responsibilities and jurisdictions:
- County Courts
- Circuit Courts
- District Courts of Appeal (DCA)
- Florida Supreme Court
Each level serves a distinct function, and the nature of your legal issue will determine where your case begins—and possibly where it ends.
1. County Courts – "The People's Courts"
Florida's 67 County Courts handle the majority of routine legal matters. These are often referred to as "courts of limited jurisdiction" because they handle specific types of cases, such as:
- Misdemeanor criminal offenses (like petty theft or DUI without serious injury).
- Domestic violence cases.
- Simple assault or battery allegations.
- Serious traffic offenses such as reckless driving, racing on a highway, or driving or boating under the influence.
If you're facing a first-time misdemeanor or traffic-related charge, your case may begin in County Court. At Donet, McMillan & Trontz, P.A., we've helped countless clients resolve these matters favorably—often before trial—by building strong defenses early on.
2. Circuit Courts – Florida's Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction
Florida is divided into 20 judicial circuits. These Circuit Courts handle more serious cases and appeals from County Courts. They have jurisdiction over:
- Felony criminal cases (e.g., drug trafficking, white-collar crimes, child pornography offenses)
- Domestic violence injunctions.
- Juvenile cases.
- Appeals from County Court decisions.
Most felony trials and complex litigation are heard in Circuit Courts. If you're facing felony charges, your defense strategy must be meticulously crafted—something our legal team at Donet, McMillan & Trontz, P.A. is well known for. Our attorneys have a long-standing track record in Florida's Circuit Courts, successfully defending clients in both state and federal matters.
3. District Courts of Appeal (DCA) – Reviewing the Record
Florida has six District Courts of Appeal that review decisions made by Circuit and County Courts to ensure the law was applied correctly. The DCAs are located in:
- Tallahassee (1st DCA)
- Lakeland (2nd DCA)
- Miami (3rd DCA)
- West Palm Beach (4th DCA)
- Daytona Beach (5th DCA)
- Tampa (6th DCA – established in 2023)
No new evidence is introduced at this level. The focus is strictly on reviewing the legal arguments, court transcripts, and whether any errors warrant reversal or a new trial.
Appellate work requires precision and a deep understanding of both substantive and procedural law. At Donet, McMillan & Trontz, P.A., we offer appellate representation for clients who believe justice wasn't served in the trial court.
4. The Florida Supreme Court – The Highest Authority in the State
At the top of the hierarchy is the Florida Supreme Court, located in Tallahassee. It has discretionary jurisdiction, meaning it chooses which cases to hear, with some exceptions. The court handles:
- Death penalty appeals (automatic review).
- Constitutional challenges.
- Decisions affecting public officials.
- Conflicting rulings between District Courts.
- Florida Bar and judicial disciplinary cases.
The Florida Supreme Court's decisions are final unless the U.S. Supreme Court decides to hear an appeal.
State vs. Federal Court in Florida
It's also important to understand that Florida's court system is separate from the federal court system. Some cases, especially those involving federal crimes like wire fraud, immigration violations, or interstate drug trafficking, will be tried in U.S. District Courts—not state courts.
Our attorneys at Donet, McMillan & Trontz, P.A. are licensed to practice in both state and federal courts, and we're well-versed in navigating the complex differences between the two systems.
Why Understanding the Florida Court System Matters
Knowing how the Florida court system works helps you:
- Identify where your case will be heard.
- Understand what legal options may be available.
- Better prepare for interactions with judges, prosecutors, and court staff.
- Choose the right attorney to defend you.
Whether you're dealing with a criminal case, appealing a verdict, or involved in a civil matter, the stakes are high. Every court has its own rules and procedures, and having experienced legal representation is key.
Trusted Legal Guidance Across the Florida Court System
If you or a loved one is involved in a legal case in Florida, the attorneys at Donet, McMillan & Trontz, P.A. offer decades of combined experience defending individuals in Miami-Dade County and across the state. We handle everything from misdemeanor and felony defense to appeals, federal cases, and post-conviction relief.
From your initial arraignment to the possibility of an appeal, we're with you every step of the way—providing strategic counsel, courtroom advocacy, and peace of mind.
Schedule a confidential consultation today at
(305) 444-0030 or visit
www.dmtlaw.com. Let our experience work for you in every court that matters.
